Determinasi Tingkat Keparahan Stunting Pada Balita: Peran Riwayat ASI Eksklusif dan Status Sosial Ekonomi

Linda Yanti, Untari Fajar Suryani, Intan Dyah Rahmawati

Abstract


Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that reflects impaired linear growth resulting from the interaction of biological, social, and environmental factors since early life. The prevalence of stunting remains high, as indicated by national data showing rates of 24.4% in 2021 and 21.6% in 2022. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of stunting severity among children under five based on a history of exclusive breastfeeding and household socioeconomic status. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data obtained from medical records of children under five at Sokaraja I Primary Health Center, Banyumas Regency. The study sample consisted of 328 stunted children selected through total sampling. Stunting severity was classified into stunted and severely stunted based on height-for-age (HAZ) indicators according to WHO standards. Independent variables included a history of exclusive breastfeeding and household socioeconomic status. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed a statistically significant association between a history of exclusive breastfeeding and stunting severity, in which children who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding were more likely to experience more severe stunting. In addition, household socioeconomic status was significantly associated with stunting severity, with a higher proportion of severe stunting observed among children from low-income families. In conclusion, stunting severity among children under five is associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices and household socioeconomic conditions, highlighting the need for comprehensive stunting prevention strategies through strengthened midwifery care and multisectoral approaches

Keywords


determination; severity; stunting; exclusive breastfeeding; socioeconomic status

Full Text:

PDF

References


Achmad, W., Nurwati, N., Fedryansyah, M., & Sumadinata, R. W. S. (2023). Malnutrition, Parenting, Poverty: Construction and Stunting Phenomena in Indonesia. Russian Law Journal, 11(2S), 101–107.

Ahmad, A., & Jaya, I. (2021). Biostatistik: Statistik dalam penelitian kesehatan. Prenada Media.

Akseer, N., Vaivada, T., Rothschild, O., Ho, K., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Understanding multifactorial drivers of child stunting reduction in Exemplar countries: a mixed-methods approach. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112, 792S-805S. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091493.

Alotiby, A. A. (2023). The role of breastfeeding as a protective factor against the development of the immune-mediated diseases: A systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1086999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1086999.

Budiastutik, I., & Nugraheni, S. A. (2018). Determinants of stunting in Indonesia: A review article. International Journal Of Healtcare Research, 1(1), 2620–5580. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12617.

Chirande, L., Charwe, D., Mbwana, H., Victor, R., Kimboka, S., Issaka, A. I., Baines, S. K., Dibley, M. J., & Agho, K. E. (2015). Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in Tanzania: evidence from the 2010 cross-sectional household survey. BMC Pediatrics, 15(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0482-9.

Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Jawa Tengah Tahun 2023.

DPPKBP3A, & Banyumas, K. (2023). Data Status Gizi Menurut Kabupaten/ Kota Berdasarkan Hasil penimbangan Serentak Bulan Februari 2023.

Ebrahim, G. J. (2010). WHO child growth standards. Growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference. Methods and development. Oxford University Press.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. In Kemenkes.

Kementrian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia. (2023). Perkawinan Anak Di Indonesia Sudah Mengkhawatirkan. Kemen PPPA. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/read/29/4357/kemen-pppa-perkawinan-anak-di-indonesia-sudah-mengkhawatirkan.

Kramer, M. S., & Kakuma, R. (2012). Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2.

Mamahit, A. Y. (2019). Metodologi penelitian. Yayasan Bina Lentera Insan.

Mulyani, A. T., Khairinisa, M. A., Khatib, A., & Chaerunisaa, A. Y. (2025). Understanding Stunting: Impact, Causes, and Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction—A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 17(9), 1493. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091493.

Organization, W. H. (2024). WHO guideline on the prevention and management of wasting and nutritional oedema (acute malnutrition) in infants and children under 5 years. World Health Organization.

Park, J. J. H., Siden, E., Harari, O., Dron, L., Mazoub, R., Jeziorska, V., Zannat, N.-E., Gadalla, H., Thorlund, K., & Mills, E. J. (2020). Interventions to improve linear growth during exclusive breastfeeding life-stage for children aged 0-6 months living in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review with network and pairwise meta-analyses. Gates Open Research, 3, 1720. https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13082.2.

Raiten, D. J., & Bremer, A. A. (2020). Exploring the nutritional ecology of stunting: new approaches to an old problem. Nutrients, 12(2), 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020371.

Ramlan, P., Sukri, P., Abdullah, M. T., Ibrahim, M. A., & Cahyani, A. (2025). Poverty and stunting: A socioeconomic analysis of vulnerable communities; a systematic literature review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1475(1), 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1475/1/012026.

Safaah, N., Yunitasari, E., Efendi, F., Sunanita, S., & Suhartono, S. (2022). Relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting among children aged 2-5 years in Indonesia. Gaceta Medica de Caracas, 130. https://doi.org/10.47307/GMC.2022.130.s5.21.

Sari, A. L. (2022). Exclusive breastfeeding as an effort to prevent stunting in toddlers. NeuroQuantology, 20(5), 3668–3675. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.NQ22664.

Soliman, A., De Sanctis, V., Alaaraj, N., Ahmed, S., Alyafei, F., Hamed, N., & Soliman, N. (2021). Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 92(1), e2021168. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346.

Sulung, N., & Yasril, A. I. (2020). Buku Pengantar Statistik Kesehatan (Biostatistik). Deepublish.

Victora, C. G., Christian, P., Vidaletti, L. P., Gatica-Domínguez, G., Menon, P., & Black, R. E. (2021). Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: variable progress towards an unfinished agenda. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1388–1399. https://doi.org/0.1016/S0140-6736(21)00394-9.

Yanti, L., Supriyadi, S., & Santosa, A. (2023). Unwanted pregnancy as a critical factor of stunting in Indonesia. MEDISAINS: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, 21(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v21i1.17414.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.52364/sehati.v6i1.158

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Linda Yanti, Fauziah Hanum Nur Adriyani, Untari Fajar Suryani, Intan Dyah Rahmawati

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.